A key promise of the Green New Deal that makes up a large part of President Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act is that “clean” jobs will replace the dirty ones, working at internal-combustion engine and transmission plants, as well as coal mines and oil rigs. But major automakers, including General Motors and Ford, have already warned that producing battery cells and packs for their shiny new electric vehicles is not as labor-intensive as making the sort of conventional powertrains they’ve been cranking out for 120 years. This has been a major sticking point for the United Auto Workers leading up to its tentative agreements with GM, Ford, and Stellantis. The contracts “would ensure that people who build engines and transmissions today will still earn top union wages making EV batteries and components in the future,” Axios reported.